**These pages are made for only for our farm so it will be easy for us to go and remind ourselves what we need to do. We have collected those files over the years. We are always learning new information. We add and edit these files almost daily.
There are many more problems with goat keeping. These are most common illnesses and problems that we often see while our goat keeping. If in doubt, call your vet.
There are many more problems with goat keeping. These are most common illnesses and problems that we often see while our goat keeping. If in doubt, call your vet.
Basic feeding = Hay
For All Goats
All goats need "VERY GOOD CONDITIONED" hay 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Period.
In order to maintain their nutritions well, I will suggest giving "good" Alfalfa hay with some "grass" hay such as Timothy and Orchard hay.
Goats need long fibers for their gut system to work = Grass hay; Timothy or Orchard hay
Alfalfa is legume with very high protein.
For Boys especially wethers
Keep it in your mind that for boys especially wethers, giving too high protein & high phosphorus could create deadly Urinary Calculi. Therefore, usually it is recommended not to feed high protein hay such as Alfalfa.
So unless boys need to gain weight from sickness or before & after the rut season, we recommend to feed only "good" grass hay.
In order to prevent this situation while giving whole good nutritions to boys, we add extra salt and making sure that boys are drinking more liquid all day long.
For growing doelings & milking does
When doelings and does need to accumulate more nutritions, we would add more Alfalfa over grass hay for the hay feeding.
For All Goats
All goats need "VERY GOOD CONDITIONED" hay 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Period.
In order to maintain their nutritions well, I will suggest giving "good" Alfalfa hay with some "grass" hay such as Timothy and Orchard hay.
Goats need long fibers for their gut system to work = Grass hay; Timothy or Orchard hay
Alfalfa is legume with very high protein.
For Boys especially wethers
Keep it in your mind that for boys especially wethers, giving too high protein & high phosphorus could create deadly Urinary Calculi. Therefore, usually it is recommended not to feed high protein hay such as Alfalfa.
So unless boys need to gain weight from sickness or before & after the rut season, we recommend to feed only "good" grass hay.
In order to prevent this situation while giving whole good nutritions to boys, we add extra salt and making sure that boys are drinking more liquid all day long.
For growing doelings & milking does
When doelings and does need to accumulate more nutritions, we would add more Alfalfa over grass hay for the hay feeding.
Extra Grains & Pellets
For Non-Milking goats
bucks, bucklings, does, doelings, & wethers
For Non-Milking goats
bucks, bucklings, does, doelings, & wethers
We love to give any growing or needs growing goats a whole mixed feed so they do not choose which piece of grain they want to eat. We have found so much success making them healthy after being sick or being so skinny etc. We also give Deccox once a day for Coccidia prevention, we like sprinkling it over this feed. |
For Milking Does
What do our milking goats eat?
Pasture and Hay feeder
Our ladies get sainfoin hay twice a day.
During the warm season, our ladies are allowed to go to the pasture in the afternoon to harvest as much as they want.
Nutritional Value of Sainfoin Hay vs. Alfalfa Hay
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030281825556
What do our milking goats eat?
Pasture and Hay feeder
Our ladies get sainfoin hay twice a day.
During the warm season, our ladies are allowed to go to the pasture in the afternoon to harvest as much as they want.
Nutritional Value of Sainfoin Hay vs. Alfalfa Hay
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030281825556
On the milking stand
Main Feed:
Fehringer Feed from Nebraska
Organic dairy goat ration 12%
Non-GMO
Non-Soy,
Non-Corn,
Main Feed:
Fehringer Feed from Nebraska
Organic dairy goat ration 12%
Non-GMO
Non-Soy,
Non-Corn,
Sprinkle :
Livamol & BioWorma - 0.1 ounce (1/2 tsp) /100 Lb
Calf Manna
Black Oil Sunflower seeds
Beet Pulp (Shredded)
Alfalfa Pellets
Rice Bran pellets
Treats
(Animal crackers)
(Fig Newtons)
(if needed) Probios
Sprinkle :
Livamol & BioWorma - 0.1 ounce (1/2 tsp) /100 Lb
Calf Manna
Black Oil Sunflower seeds
Beet Pulp (Shredded)
Alfalfa Pellets
Rice Bran pellets
Treats
(Animal crackers)
(Fig Newtons)
(if needed) Probios
Calf Manna
Soybean Meal, Corn, Hominy Feed, Feeding Oatmeal, Dried Whey, Dehydrated Alfalfa Meal, Linseed Meal, Brewer's Dried Yeast, Vegetable Oil, Fenugreek Seed, Anise Oil, Calcium Carbonate, Monocalcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Salt, Sulfur, Iron Oxide,
Performance-Enhancing Nutrition for Every AnimalFor generations, Calf-Manna® has helped animals reach their peak condition. As a performance-enhancing supplement for multiple species of animals, Calf-Manna has been part of the community for more than 80 years, helping your animals grow healthy and strong. Calf-Manna delivers a wide range of nutritional benefits to every animal, from horses, cattle, rabbits, and goats to poultry, pigs, and deer. See the Calf-Manna difference, and help your animals reach their full potential.
Growth – High-Quality Proteins
Calf-Manna includes multiple sources of high-quality protein that provides a wide array of essential amino acids to meet the needs of many different animals. More proteins equal more growth and better muscle development.
Energy – Digestible Carbs
Calf-Manna’s digestible carbohydrates are an excellent source of energy. It’s often called “energy dense,” which means it delivers more calories per mouthful. Our quality carbohydrates also make Calf-Manna an ideal solution for weight gain.
Palatability – Anise Flavor
Ingredients such as anise result in Calf-Manna’s inviting, sweet-smelling aroma and taste for animals of all ages. The great taste of Calf-Manna encourages animals to stay on their feed during times of stress, including travel, illness or environmental changes.
Coat – Linseed Meal
Linseed Meal provides protein and oil to help add sheen and luster to your animal’s coat.
Digestion – Brewer’s Dried Yeast
Brewer’s Dried Yeast improves palatability, encourages earlier and more consistent intake of dry feed, and promotes optimal digestion of other nutrients.
Soybean Meal, Corn, Hominy Feed, Feeding Oatmeal, Dried Whey, Dehydrated Alfalfa Meal, Linseed Meal, Brewer's Dried Yeast, Vegetable Oil, Fenugreek Seed, Anise Oil, Calcium Carbonate, Monocalcium Phosphate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Salt, Sulfur, Iron Oxide,
Performance-Enhancing Nutrition for Every AnimalFor generations, Calf-Manna® has helped animals reach their peak condition. As a performance-enhancing supplement for multiple species of animals, Calf-Manna has been part of the community for more than 80 years, helping your animals grow healthy and strong. Calf-Manna delivers a wide range of nutritional benefits to every animal, from horses, cattle, rabbits, and goats to poultry, pigs, and deer. See the Calf-Manna difference, and help your animals reach their full potential.
Growth – High-Quality Proteins
Calf-Manna includes multiple sources of high-quality protein that provides a wide array of essential amino acids to meet the needs of many different animals. More proteins equal more growth and better muscle development.
Energy – Digestible Carbs
Calf-Manna’s digestible carbohydrates are an excellent source of energy. It’s often called “energy dense,” which means it delivers more calories per mouthful. Our quality carbohydrates also make Calf-Manna an ideal solution for weight gain.
Palatability – Anise Flavor
Ingredients such as anise result in Calf-Manna’s inviting, sweet-smelling aroma and taste for animals of all ages. The great taste of Calf-Manna encourages animals to stay on their feed during times of stress, including travel, illness or environmental changes.
Coat – Linseed Meal
Linseed Meal provides protein and oil to help add sheen and luster to your animal’s coat.
Digestion – Brewer’s Dried Yeast
Brewer’s Dried Yeast improves palatability, encourages earlier and more consistent intake of dry feed, and promotes optimal digestion of other nutrients.
Black Oil Sunflower Seeds
Vitamin E, zinc, iron, and selenium and also add fiber and fat to the diet. It makes the goats coats much shinier and increases the butterfat in their milk.
Vitamin E, zinc, iron, and selenium and also add fiber and fat to the diet. It makes the goats coats much shinier and increases the butterfat in their milk.
Beet Pulp (Shreded)
"The beet pulp fiber is not the same as the fiber in hay. It’s much more easily digested, so it’s processed faster.
We don’t think of fiber as providing much energy—and in the human diet it doesn’t—but in horses it’s a significant source of energy. Because the fiber in beet pulp is digested quickly, the energy and the calories it provides are available to a horse much faster than those that would come from hay.”
"Beet pulp is a useful source of energy for horses who need a boost for athletic efforts or to support other functions, such as lactation.
“It’s going to have more benefit for [equine athletes or broodmares] than, say, an easy-keeper gelding who spends most of his day in the field,” he says. “And in cases where horses need more calories, adding beet pulp to a diet may be a better option than adding more hay because of the difference in fiber type.”
"Beet pulp fiber provides another advantage:
Promoting healthy gut flora.
“A horse extracts energy from fiber via fermentation in the hindgut,” says Staniar. “That fermentation is done by bacteria, and different types of bacteria ferment at different rates.” A gut that is accustomed to only slow-digesting forage may be overpopulated with that type of bacteria, an imbalance that can lead to digestive upset.
“You want to support all those microbial populations,” says Staniar. “So when your horse has to make a transition in diet or location, he is going to be better able to adapt digestively. A little bit of beet pulp in every diet can help keep the population
of fiber-digesting bacteria in the gut balanced so those changes won’t be as disruptive.”
by Pennsylvania State University equine nutritionist Burt Staniar, PhD.
We don’t think of fiber as providing much energy—and in the human diet it doesn’t—but in horses it’s a significant source of energy. Because the fiber in beet pulp is digested quickly, the energy and the calories it provides are available to a horse much faster than those that would come from hay.”
"Beet pulp is a useful source of energy for horses who need a boost for athletic efforts or to support other functions, such as lactation.
“It’s going to have more benefit for [equine athletes or broodmares] than, say, an easy-keeper gelding who spends most of his day in the field,” he says. “And in cases where horses need more calories, adding beet pulp to a diet may be a better option than adding more hay because of the difference in fiber type.”
"Beet pulp fiber provides another advantage:
Promoting healthy gut flora.
“A horse extracts energy from fiber via fermentation in the hindgut,” says Staniar. “That fermentation is done by bacteria, and different types of bacteria ferment at different rates.” A gut that is accustomed to only slow-digesting forage may be overpopulated with that type of bacteria, an imbalance that can lead to digestive upset.
“You want to support all those microbial populations,” says Staniar. “So when your horse has to make a transition in diet or location, he is going to be better able to adapt digestively. A little bit of beet pulp in every diet can help keep the population
of fiber-digesting bacteria in the gut balanced so those changes won’t be as disruptive.”
by Pennsylvania State University equine nutritionist Burt Staniar, PhD.
Alfalfa Pellets
Pelleted alfalfa vs. Alfalfa hay
Dr. Jack
North Carolina State University
Alfalfa can be fed as grazed forage, dry hay, ensiled haylage, dry cubes or dry pellets. The chemical composition of these different forms is not different, when converted to a dry matter basis. The main difference that one might observe is in the “effective fiber” of the various forms. Pellets are processed to a point that effective fiber is lower than the other forms. Cubes would be somewhat lower than grazed alfalfa, hay or haylage. The hay has to be ground or refined to a very small size to be pelleted effectively, and that reduces its ability to form a mat in the rumen. If you are using pellets, my recommendation would be to add straw from wheat, barley or oats to the diet to add some effective fiber. In milk cows, adding 1 to 2 kg per cow per day would be beneficial. This is experience from the USA in our dairy farms.
Mr. Sarker
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute
Alfalfa is grazed forage. But you can used as fiber source. In sole pellet the effective fiber length may be 2 inches or sometime bit more for effective rumen fermentation by the microbes. Alfalfa with 30 concentrate pellet may be more suitable for small ruminants and for dairy cows not more than 2-3 kg per cow per day.
Dr. Jack
North Carolina State University
Alfalfa can be fed as grazed forage, dry hay, ensiled haylage, dry cubes or dry pellets. The chemical composition of these different forms is not different, when converted to a dry matter basis. The main difference that one might observe is in the “effective fiber” of the various forms. Pellets are processed to a point that effective fiber is lower than the other forms. Cubes would be somewhat lower than grazed alfalfa, hay or haylage. The hay has to be ground or refined to a very small size to be pelleted effectively, and that reduces its ability to form a mat in the rumen. If you are using pellets, my recommendation would be to add straw from wheat, barley or oats to the diet to add some effective fiber. In milk cows, adding 1 to 2 kg per cow per day would be beneficial. This is experience from the USA in our dairy farms.
Mr. Sarker
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute
Alfalfa is grazed forage. But you can used as fiber source. In sole pellet the effective fiber length may be 2 inches or sometime bit more for effective rumen fermentation by the microbes. Alfalfa with 30 concentrate pellet may be more suitable for small ruminants and for dairy cows not more than 2-3 kg per cow per day.
Stabilized Rice Bran pellets
Max-E-Glo Stabilized Rice Bran,
the rice bran horse owners prefer, is a superior performance supplement specifically formulated for horses. Max-E-Glo is available in both pelleted and meal forms and offers several nutrition benefits for your horse:
Max-E-Glo Stabilized Rice Bran,
the rice bran horse owners prefer, is a superior performance supplement specifically formulated for horses. Max-E-Glo is available in both pelleted and meal forms and offers several nutrition benefits for your horse:
- Unique Stabilization Process. Rice bran is the most nutritious part of the rice kernel, but it is important that it is stabilized properly. NutraCea's proprietary stabilization process ensures that Max-E-Glo will not become rancid.
- "Cool" Nutrition. High fat and fiber content maintains energy without high-starch hyperactivity, providing your horse with a safe diet.
- High Fat for Extra Energy. High in natural plant-based fat, highly digestible and very palatable.
- Superior Top Dress. Mixes well with other feeds to provide a premium performance supplement.
- A potential problem with many rice brans is that they contain more phosphorus than calcium. This may create an imbalance in rations that use grass hay as their primary forage source. Finally, stabilized rice bran is a good source of B vitamins including thiamin, niacin and riboflavin. These B vitamins function in many chemical reactions which generate energy for the body.
- Stabilized rice bran is a safe, palatable means of adding calories to the diets of many types of horses. Because many of the calories originate from fat, adding stabilized rice bran to the diet avoids potential digestive upset which may occur with high carbohydrate (grain) feeding. Stabilized rice bran also offers the advantage of providing fat in the diet without the mess of adding vegetable oil.
- With its elevated fat content, stabilized rice bran is a good source of essential fatty acids. These fatty acids are necessary for healthy skin and quality coat condition. In fact, one of the first benefits noted from feeding rice bran is a positive change in coat condition.
- The primary feature of stabilized rice bran is its high (20%) fat content. Stabilized rice bran is convenient as an energy and essential fatty acid source in the diets
Crude Protein
Why is crude protein important?
Proper crude protein levels are essential in forages for the many types of livestock that rely on them for nutrition. When the percentage of CP is low, the bacteria responsible for digestion cannot sustain adequate levels to process forage.
Why is crude protein important?
Proper crude protein levels are essential in forages for the many types of livestock that rely on them for nutrition. When the percentage of CP is low, the bacteria responsible for digestion cannot sustain adequate levels to process forage.
"The fermentation of fiber is a relatively slow process. Ruminal digestion of the starch contained in grain is a much more rapid and volatile process. Bacteria in the rumen are job specific - some are effective fiber digesters while others handle starch more efficiently."
"Normal pH of the rumen (forage diet) is 7.0-7.4; at this pH the fiber digesters are very comfortable and working at max productivity. Small quantities of starch (grain) are not a problem. Large doses of grain can be serious. "
"If large meals of grain are consumed, the starch digesters take over. A by-product of their digestion is lactic acid. As lactic acids levels in the rumen build, pH drops. A pH of 6.8 and falling means certain death for the fiber digesting bacteria in the rumen. If pH continues to fall, acidosis develops and can be fatal. Excessive starch fermentation can also result in bloat. Herein lies the reason for gradual shifts from one diet to another, especially when moving toward a more energy dense diet. "
"Fat is an excellent source of energy, but is generally low in forages and roughages. Compared to carbohydrates, fats contain 2.25 times as much energy on a weight:weight basis. This energy density is an asset when formulating rations for high producing dairy goats or cows. By adding fat, the energy content of the diet can be elevated well above the reasonable limit for a diet limited to grains and roughage only. Fat level should not exceed 5% of the diet. Higher levels will limit consumption and can result in gastrointestinal disturbance. Fat in a ration aids in the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). In addition, added fat minimizes dust in a mixed or pelleted feed. Cubes or pellets made with solvent processed oilseed meals (cottonseed meal) often require added fat as a softener and to improve palatability. The table that follows shows the TDN content of a limited number of hays and feeds. Several points are noteworthy. Cereal grains and oilseed meals have a greater energy content than forages, hence the term concentrates."
"Normal pH of the rumen (forage diet) is 7.0-7.4; at this pH the fiber digesters are very comfortable and working at max productivity. Small quantities of starch (grain) are not a problem. Large doses of grain can be serious. "
"If large meals of grain are consumed, the starch digesters take over. A by-product of their digestion is lactic acid. As lactic acids levels in the rumen build, pH drops. A pH of 6.8 and falling means certain death for the fiber digesting bacteria in the rumen. If pH continues to fall, acidosis develops and can be fatal. Excessive starch fermentation can also result in bloat. Herein lies the reason for gradual shifts from one diet to another, especially when moving toward a more energy dense diet. "
"Fat is an excellent source of energy, but is generally low in forages and roughages. Compared to carbohydrates, fats contain 2.25 times as much energy on a weight:weight basis. This energy density is an asset when formulating rations for high producing dairy goats or cows. By adding fat, the energy content of the diet can be elevated well above the reasonable limit for a diet limited to grains and roughage only. Fat level should not exceed 5% of the diet. Higher levels will limit consumption and can result in gastrointestinal disturbance. Fat in a ration aids in the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K). In addition, added fat minimizes dust in a mixed or pelleted feed. Cubes or pellets made with solvent processed oilseed meals (cottonseed meal) often require added fat as a softener and to improve palatability. The table that follows shows the TDN content of a limited number of hays and feeds. Several points are noteworthy. Cereal grains and oilseed meals have a greater energy content than forages, hence the term concentrates."
Pearson's Square feeing formula calculation
GOATS NEED HIGH QUALITY HAY & FORAGE
THIS IS WHY
The belief that goats can live off anything remains widespread, both by the general public and within in the livestock industry. It is one of the major reasons why so many people have such a difficult time raising goats successfully. The belief that goats can eat everything and survive on anything more accurately applies to cattle.
A goat must have high quality hay and forage. Rumen passage rates directly affect what the goat can digest to obtain nutrition. Goats, like the deer with which I often compare them, have very fast rumen passage rates, which great affects what goats can and cannot eat. Cattle have extremely slow rumen passage rates that allow them to eat and digest coarse and dormant plant materials.
The goat rumen passage rate is about 11 hours. Cattle take up to three (3) days to digest their food. Because of their fast rumen passage rate, goats have less time to break down complex compounds. They need to consume plants that can be processed more rapidly by rumen micro-organisms.
Goat raisers tend to focus on percentage of protein, but energy and especially fiber are important. Goats instinctively know to focus on the fiber content of forages that they select to eat. The more easily digestible plants require less energy from the micro-organisms to break down the complex compounds, leaving more energy for the goat to use for its body's requirements for maintenance and growth.
Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) is a measurement used in analyzing forages. The ADF number represents an estimation of the digestibility of plant materials. Goat raisers are primarily concerned with Acid Detergent Fiber's measurement of an indigestible fiber called lignin. Lignin is the material that gives plants the structural ability to stand upright to receive sunlight for growth. We refer to these plants and grasses as stemmy and coarse. Taller and older plants are less digestible and are lower in energy. This is why you should mow your pastures to a height that will stimulate new growth. An additional benefit of a low Acid Detergent Fiber measurement is that the plant material is usually higher in energy (calories). Tall mature pastures are not quality forage for goats.
A high ADF measurement means that the plant material has a lot of indigestible material in it. For goats, an Acid Detergent Fiber measurement of 39 or higher is too high for them to digest. Because of the goat's fast rumen passage rate, there isn't enough time to process nutrients from coarse, fibrous, and dormant plant materials. Because cattle take much longer to pass plant materials, their rumens have extra time to break down the complex plant compounds into useable nutrition.
Another nutritional measurement that is critical to goats is NON-FIBROUS CARBOHYDRATES (NFC). A high Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate value means that the plant materials have good levels of starch, simple sugars, and soluble fiber. High NFC numbers also indicate that the plants have higher amounts of cell contents which are more readily digestible than the fibrous cell walls, plus they also provide many vital nutrients and energy (calories).
Hay testing is critical and inexpensive. I use Dairy One Forage Lab in New York. Call 1-800-344-2697 and request their kit that includes a quart ziplock bag for hay sample and a pre-paid mailer. Follow the instructions and put in your outgoing mail. Current total cost of "Package 325 testing" is $23.00 (August 2020). If you are testing native or improved pastures (which by definition have multiple species of plants), then call and ask if a different test is more appropriate to provide the information you need. Turnaround is about one week. They will even call you with the results. You can't beat the service or the price.
My thanks to Kent Mills, goat nutritionist, Hi Pro Feeds, Texas, for his assistance with and review of this article for accuracy. Kent has been my goat nutritionist for over 20 years and teaches Goat Nutrition at GoatCamp™ every year.
Suzanne W. Gasparotto, ONION CREEK RANCH, Texas 8.1.20
THIS IS WHY
The belief that goats can live off anything remains widespread, both by the general public and within in the livestock industry. It is one of the major reasons why so many people have such a difficult time raising goats successfully. The belief that goats can eat everything and survive on anything more accurately applies to cattle.
A goat must have high quality hay and forage. Rumen passage rates directly affect what the goat can digest to obtain nutrition. Goats, like the deer with which I often compare them, have very fast rumen passage rates, which great affects what goats can and cannot eat. Cattle have extremely slow rumen passage rates that allow them to eat and digest coarse and dormant plant materials.
The goat rumen passage rate is about 11 hours. Cattle take up to three (3) days to digest their food. Because of their fast rumen passage rate, goats have less time to break down complex compounds. They need to consume plants that can be processed more rapidly by rumen micro-organisms.
Goat raisers tend to focus on percentage of protein, but energy and especially fiber are important. Goats instinctively know to focus on the fiber content of forages that they select to eat. The more easily digestible plants require less energy from the micro-organisms to break down the complex compounds, leaving more energy for the goat to use for its body's requirements for maintenance and growth.
Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) is a measurement used in analyzing forages. The ADF number represents an estimation of the digestibility of plant materials. Goat raisers are primarily concerned with Acid Detergent Fiber's measurement of an indigestible fiber called lignin. Lignin is the material that gives plants the structural ability to stand upright to receive sunlight for growth. We refer to these plants and grasses as stemmy and coarse. Taller and older plants are less digestible and are lower in energy. This is why you should mow your pastures to a height that will stimulate new growth. An additional benefit of a low Acid Detergent Fiber measurement is that the plant material is usually higher in energy (calories). Tall mature pastures are not quality forage for goats.
A high ADF measurement means that the plant material has a lot of indigestible material in it. For goats, an Acid Detergent Fiber measurement of 39 or higher is too high for them to digest. Because of the goat's fast rumen passage rate, there isn't enough time to process nutrients from coarse, fibrous, and dormant plant materials. Because cattle take much longer to pass plant materials, their rumens have extra time to break down the complex plant compounds into useable nutrition.
Another nutritional measurement that is critical to goats is NON-FIBROUS CARBOHYDRATES (NFC). A high Non-Fibrous Carbohydrate value means that the plant materials have good levels of starch, simple sugars, and soluble fiber. High NFC numbers also indicate that the plants have higher amounts of cell contents which are more readily digestible than the fibrous cell walls, plus they also provide many vital nutrients and energy (calories).
Hay testing is critical and inexpensive. I use Dairy One Forage Lab in New York. Call 1-800-344-2697 and request their kit that includes a quart ziplock bag for hay sample and a pre-paid mailer. Follow the instructions and put in your outgoing mail. Current total cost of "Package 325 testing" is $23.00 (August 2020). If you are testing native or improved pastures (which by definition have multiple species of plants), then call and ask if a different test is more appropriate to provide the information you need. Turnaround is about one week. They will even call you with the results. You can't beat the service or the price.
My thanks to Kent Mills, goat nutritionist, Hi Pro Feeds, Texas, for his assistance with and review of this article for accuracy. Kent has been my goat nutritionist for over 20 years and teaches Goat Nutrition at GoatCamp™ every year.
Suzanne W. Gasparotto, ONION CREEK RANCH, Texas 8.1.20
Ultimate goat feeding guide
https://www.thehappychickencoop.com/ultimate-goat-feeding-guide/
https://www.thehappychickencoop.com/ultimate-goat-feeding-guide/
Why we chose Sainfoin Hay
Perfect for parasite control & Bloat control
Perfect for parasite control & Bloat control
Blackstrap Molasses
Sugar
Iron
B6
Calcium
Magnesium
Molasses is a potential energy supplement; extensively used to improve growth performance, milk and meat characteristics in goats at relatively low concentrations of 5–40% of the diet.
Dietary supplementation with molasses at a concentration of 30% for 3 weeks improved growth performance, protein metabolism and rumen fermentation without compromising animal health, immunity, and electrolytes and acid-base homeostasis.